ZYATS, VASIL A.* and PETER V. SHMARGOVICH. Department of Botany, Voloshin Str 46, Uzhgorod University, 88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine. - The way of plant productivity improvement.
The green leaves are dominating in Plant Kingdom. However, we can find
plants with red, purple and almost black leaves in many families of
plants in nature. Study of the peaches and almounds with red leaves
resulted in few promissing cultivars, which are evaluated now in field
conditions. Usually, plants with red and black leaves, for example,
the cultivar 'Negus', are more efficient in sun energy absorption. The
plants are red-colored, because of anthocianes presence in their
cells. Increased productivity of the plants is correlated with high
level of the antocyanes in plants. The antocyanes are pigments of
plant cell envelopes, cell plasm, vacuoles. From our studies, these
pigments are involved in first steps of photosyntetic process (light
absorption). According to our experiments, the anthocyanes are
increasing the light absorption in diapazone of sun spectrum from 380
to 710 nm. From the analysis of light absorption of red and green
peach leaves, the antocyanes increasing the light absorption at
diapasone from 400 to 470 nm by 8 -10%. It means, that it is possible
to develope more productive cultivars of the different agricultural
crops by inroducing genes encoding the anthocyanes presence into plant
material.
Key words: antocyanes, peach, plant productivity